sábado, 27 de abril de 2013

Bi Kidude (1910-2013)




Carlos Galilea, El País, 21/4/2013

No sabía su edad. Decía tener más de 100 años aunque la cifra ofrecida variaba según los días. Y nadie recordaba ya cuando había nacido esta leyenda de la música del este de África. En febrero aún tuvo fuerzas para permanecer sentada en el escenario del festival anual de música de Zanzíbar, donde tantas veces había cantado para un auditorio que le profesaba devoción. Aseguraba que al cantar se sentía de nuevo una adolescente. El 17 de abril su voz calló definitivamente. Los presidentes de Tanzania y de Zanzíbar asistieron al entierro de Bi Kidude.
Era rebelde. Cuentan que con diez años se escapó de la escuela coránica para irse a beber y fumar con amigos. Más tarde tuvo que huir de dos maridos. Nunca dejó de cuestionar el papel de la mujer en la sociedad musulmana. Tras una apariencia frágil había una luchadora que vivió como quiso. Se llamaba Fatma bint Baraka y nació en el pueblo de Kitumba, hija de un vendedor de cocos. Se la conocía como Kidude, que significa “cosa pequeña”, por su escasa estatura. El apodo se lo habrían puesto siendo un bebé: un día que estaba envuelta en ropas y su tío a punto estuvo de sentarse encima de aquel bulto.
Comenzó a cantar en público —contadas eran las mujeres que se atrevían— canciones con letras ricas en metáforas, allá por los años veinte. Siguiendo los pasos de Siti bint Saad, la primera gran cantante de taarab, una música sinuosa que se nutre de influencias suajilis, árabes e indias. Entre sus instrumentos principales: el oud (un laúd), elqanun (una cítara), violines y tambores.
Bi Kidude cantaba sentada acompañándose de un tambor a menudo casi tan grande como ella. Al principio con el rostro cubierto por un velo, que rápidamente dejó caer. También estaba considerada la reina delunyago, un ritual con cantos, tambores y bailes, en el que las adolescentes son iniciadas en los secretos de la condición femenina y la vida marital. Se ganó reputación de sanadora con sus plantas y tenía fama de dominar los dibujos con henna que embellecen brazos y piernas de las jóvenes novias.
Viajó por primera vez a Europa en 1989 y, durante el verano de 2004, recorrió el continente con Culture Musical Club, una orquesta de taarabcon la que llegó a grabar Taj Mahal. El dinero que ganaba lo repartía generosamente entre familiares y personas necesitadas. En 2005, en el WOMEX [feria anual de la industria de la world music], le entregaron un premio por su contribución a la música y, en 2006, un documental titulado As old as my tongue contó su historia. Esta mujer ingeniosa solía aconsejar, a quienes aspiraban a cumplir tantos años como ella, ponerse zapatos únicamente de ser imprescindible: estaba segura de que uno se debilita cuando empieza a usar calzado.

9 comentarios:

Celia Clara Fischer dijo...

Uno se convierte en esclavo de la sociedad cuando comienza a usar calzado...porque deja de ser dueño de sí mismo. Un ejemplo de vida Bi Kidude, quien no quiso convertirse en "cosa".
Gracias, Ignacio.
Saludos de Celia.

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